By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Nusrat Nishi. A short summary of this paper. It executes vector quency of MHz, is a match for the processing speed operations indispensable to high-speed scientific computation.
Four features have played a MHz clock frequency. It consumes In this paper, vector processing features are first intro- duced, and VPP architecture, pipelined arithmetic units, kinds of scientific and engineering computations [ Typi- parallel-pipeline operation, and the register file are then cal vector processors consist of a great number of ECL discussed in detail.
Various high-speed circuit techniques gate arrays and bipolar memories, which means that these as well as VPP performance are also described. This, in turn, Vector processing is an operational method in which results in a further increase in size.
It required Freon cooling and was approxi- are accomplished on different elements for one or more mately 18 W x28 D X6 H feet in size. Such large sys- data vectors, such as A l , A 2 , A 3 ,. The operations are carried out with amount of signal delay produced in the interconnections, the issue of only a single instruction. That is, once a single not only among boards but also among chips.
Manuscript received May 3, ; revised August 26, Vector processing has the following advantages for F. Okamoto, Y. Hagihara, C. Ohkubo, H. Yamada, and T. Enomoto building high-speed pipelined computers. There are none of the comparison data hazards that generally degrade the speed of pipelines. This, too, allows deepening of the pipeline. The instruc- data between pipelined arithmetic units.
The R F for indicating register addresses. The CCU decodes and issues the instructions. The BIST unit controls the self-test se- so on. The PLU receives b vector data from the quence, in which the pipelined arithmetic units and the external memories. Such a BIST the external memories. VPP manufacture. The selector selects the larger A VPP is typically operated in the following way.
The exponent between two input operands. The processor. The PLU then sends a memory-request signal fourth stage includes the left barrel shifter, which normal- to the external memory bank after which the PLU starts izes the output from the b CLA adder, and the priority to load data vectors from the external memories into the encoder, which controls the shifter.
This stage also in- RF. The addresses for the external memories are given by cludes the b subtracter, which adjusts the exponent, the scalar processor. The CCU then issues an arithmetic obtained from the selector, by the number of bits by instruction, and vector data are continuously supplied which the mantissa is shifted. Calculated results are sent back to the R F every as overflow, are detected. After arithmetic instructions have been carried out The functional blocks mentioned above, which are nec- some number of times, the CCU issues a store instruc- essary in order to implement floating-point addition, have tion.
After sending the memory-request signal, the PSU been applied to other kinds of instructions, such as inte- stores the data vectors from the RF in the external ger operations, shift operations, and data-type conversion memories whose addresses have been determined by the between floating-point data and integer data. For the left scalar processor. This results in a peak performance of simply passing through other blocks. The b adder in the first stage adds the operands.
The router in the second stage sends the man- exponents of two inputs. A bxb multiplier from tissa of the operand with the smaller exponent to the right the first stage to the fourth stage performs mantissa barrel shifter, and the other to the b carry lookahead multiplication.
The multiplier uses a radix-4 Booth's algo- CLA adder in the third stage. The right barrel shifter rithm. It consists of a modified Wallace adder tree and a shifts the mantissa to the right by the number of bits given b CLA adder.
The b X word on-chip ROM and the compliment generator b adder are provided with the first stage so as to execute division. The division scheme is based on the Newton-Raphson method, and uses the on-chip ROM which stores approxi- mate reciprocals of divisors in order to improve conver- gence speed.
Iteration of seven vector multiplications are performed to generate quotients. This division scheme permits that an individual quotient to be obtained every cycle. Since one vector instruction executes n iterative opera- tions, when succeeding instructions are issued before those operations have been completed, succeeding operations will be executed in parallel. Timing diagram of vector instructions.
Before issuing an instruction, the addition instruction is produced in order to avoid data CCU checks which units are busy i. These decisions are the last operation of the addition instruction. Resource made on the basis of the information regarding the in- collisions due to simultaneous access by plural instruc- struction, the timers, and the reservation table. When the tions, such as in Fig. History waveform recording and sequential triggering enable extended waveform recording and analysis.
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